Greek Grammar in brief
|
Nouns, Adjectives, and Pronouns |
Verbs: Tense |
Verbs: Mood |
Verbs: Voice |
|
|
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative (octopus --> five hand hill) 八爪魚 變 五指山 |
Present
|
Perfect |
Indicative Subjunctive Optative Imperative Infinitive Participle (ISO PII) |
Active Voice |
|
Imperfect Aorist |
Pluperfect ------- |
Middle Voice (二五仔) | ||
|
Future 過去->現在->未來 |
Future Perfect 完成式 |
Passive Voice | ||
Verbs: TMV (Tense Mood gives bad Voice.) or Timely Music Video
E.g. Present Indicative Active
Note: The following is in intermediate grammar.
Tense
Reference: Richard A. Young Intermediate NT Greek
Please note that the general approach suggests that the division is continuous (Present, Imperfect), punctiliar (aorist) and Stative/Perfective (perfective, pluperfect).
|
Time (Aspect)\ Nature (Aktionsart) |
Present
|
Past
|
Future
|
| Continuous | |||
| Continuous-Point | |||
| Point |
The following classification is made by me. Normally, the aspect does not include the "Continuous-point" which I added to show the special aspect.
Putting into a certain classification may be somewhat artibratary.
Present
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
|
Continuous |
Durative ．à |
Descriptive (present continuous) ------ Gnomic |
Futuristic |
|
Continuous-point |
．．．Iterative ．à Existing Results |
||
|
Point |
Historical (narrative) |
(．) Performative (utter) |
Tendential (stating point?) trying to |
Imperfect
| Past |
Present |
Future |
|
| Continuous |
Durative ．à |
Descriptive (past continuous) |
Futuristic |
| Continuous-point |
．à Inceptive |
．．．Iterative ．à Voluntative --à Tendential (trying to) |
|
| Point |
Future
| Past |
Present |
Future |
|
| Continuous |
Gnomic | Progressive |
|
| Continuous-point |
|||
| Point |
Predictive Imperatival Deliberative (?) |
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
|
Continuous |
------ Gnomic |
||
|
Continuous-point |
．à Ingressive (Inceptive, Inchoative) [began to] (．) Constative (Complexive, Punctiliar, Comprehensive, Global) à ．Consummative (Culminative, Ecbatic, Effective) |
||
|
Point |
．Dramatic (Immediate Past) [just now, has just happened) |
Proleptic (Futuristic) Epistolary (?) |
Perfect (Stative)
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
|
Continuous |
------ Gnomic |
||
|
Continuous-point |
à ．] Consummative |
．．．Iterative ．à 。Intensive |
|
|
Point |
．Dramatic |
．Present State |
PluPerfect (Stative)
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
|
Continuous |
|||
|
Continuous-point |
à ．] Consummative |
．．．Iterative ．à 。Intensive |
|
|
Point |
．Past State |
Future Perfect
| Past |
Present |
Future |
|
| Continuous |
|||
| Continuous-point |
|||
| Point |
