AN ANLYSIS OF THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS

 

SUMMARY

Part I: The Superiority of Christ (Ch. 1:1 - 10:18)

Section 1: Christ is superior to prophets and angels - God's spokesmen and servants (1:1 - 2:18)

1. Christ is superior to prophets (1:1-3)
2. Christ is superior to angels (1:4-13)
3. A warning to those who neglect Christ's salvation (2:1-4)
4. The reason Jesus was made a little lower than angels, like man (2:7-18)

Section 2: Christ is superior to Moses - the Law (3:1 - 4:13)

1. Christ is greater than Moses (3:1-6)
2. A warning to those who harden their hearts (3:7-19)
3. A Sabbath-rest to those who believe in God (4:1-13)

Section 3: Christ is superior to every High Priest on earth (4:14 - 8:13)

1. Christ the great High Priest (4:14-5:10)
2. Warning against those who fall away (5:11-6:12)
3. The certainty of God's promise (6:13-20)
4. Melchizedek the Priest (7:1-10)
5. Christ same as Melchizedek (7:11-28)
6. Christ the High Priest of a New Covenant (8:1-6)
7. The New Covenant (8:7-13)

Section 4: The New Covenant through Christ supersedes the Old Covenant (9:1 - 10:18)

1. Worship in the earthly tabernacle (9:1-10)
2. The blood of Christ (9:11-28)
3. Christ's sacrifice is once and for all (10:1-18)

Part II Teachings and Exhortations to Believers (Ch. 10:19 - 13:25)

Section 1: Christ opens a new and living way for believers (10:19 - 39)

1. A new and living way opened (10:19-21)
2. Exhortation (10:22-25)
3. Warning to those who keep on sinning (10:26-39)

Section 2: Faith is the only way (11:1 - 40)

1. Faith defined (11:1-3)
2. A roll call of the heroes and heroines of faith (11:4-40)

Section 3: Christ the perfect model to follow (12:1 - 29)

1. Christ the perfect model (12:1-3)
2. God corrects those He loves (12:4-13)
3. Final warning (12:14-29)

Section 4: Final exhortations (13:1 - 25)

1. Christ never change (13:1-14)
2. The sacrifice that acceptable to God (13:15-17)
3. Concluding words (13:18-25)

 

Details as follows:


 

Part I: The Superiority of Christ

Section 1: Christ is superior to prophets and angels - God's spokesmen and servants

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

Christ is superior to prophets

1: 1-3

  Christ possesses divine glory

 

Christ is superior to angels

1: 4-7

1: 8-9

1: 10-12

1: 13

  Christ the only begotten son of God

  Christ the anointed one

  Christ the Creator of heavens and earth

  Christ excels over angels

Psalm 2:7; 104:4

Psalm 45:6,7

Psalm 102:25-27

Psalm 110:1

A warning to those who neglect Christ's salvation

2: 1-4

  It is unwise to neglect the great salvation which is spoken by Christ

 

The reason Jesus was made a little lower than angels, like man

2: 7-8

2: 9-11

2: 12-13

2: 14-18

  Exaltation of men by God to rule everything on earth

  By the grace of God Jesus tasted death for every human beings

  Through Christ believers become children of God

  In dying, Christ can free us from the power of death.  By becoming the final sacrifice for sin, Christ can reconcile us to God.  In experiencing temptation, Christ can help those who are being tempted

Psalm 8:4-6

Psalm 22:22 Isaiah 8:17,18

Section 2: Christ is superior to Moses - the Law

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

Christ is greater than Moses

3: 1-6

  Moses, a servant in God's house; Christ, the son in God's house

 

A warning to those who harden their hearts

3: 7-11

3:12-19

  Do not follow the rebellious deeds of their forefathers of Moses¡¦ time - they died in the desert and could not enter God's rest

  Believers should encourage one another

  Repeat the warning to those who are thinking of turning away from the living God

Psalm 95:7-11

Psalm 95:7,8

A Sabbath-rest to those who believe in God

4: 1-13

  Promises of entering a time of great peace and happiness still stands

  Believers should strive to enter that rest God's words judge the thoughts and attitudes of the hearts of the believers, so be careful

Psalm 95:11

Psalm 95:7,8

Section 3: Christ is superior to every High Priest on earth

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

Christ the great High Priest

4: 14-16

5: 1-4

5: 5-10

  Believers have a great High Priest in heaven

  Believers are encouraged to go to the throne of grace to receive mercy and find grace from Christ

  High priests in the order of Aaron are also sinners themselves, so they have to offer sacrifices both for their own and the people's sins

  Christ, is the son of God - designated by God to be High Priest for ever, in the order of Melchizedek

Psalm 2:7; 110:4

Warning against those who fall away

5: 11-14

6: 1-3

6: 4-12

  Rebuke the believers for being immature to distinguish good from evil

  An appeal for progress in doctrinal truth

  A warning - the peril of apostasy

  Believers must be diligent, and to imitate those who through faith and patience inherit what has been promised

 

The certainty of God's promise

6: 13-20

  Two unchangeable things to show God's promise: God's nature to keep promise and God's oath to people, e.g.: God's promise to Abraham

 

Melchizedek the Priest

7: 1-10

  Melchizedek is priest of God Most High and remains a priest forever

  Melchizedek gave blessing to Abraham, so he is greater than Abraham, the ancestor of Levi

 

Christ same as Melchizedek

7: 11-28

  Like Melchizedek, Christ becomes a High Priest on the basis of the power of an indestructible life

  Christ became a priest with an oath by God, so he has become the guarantee of a better covenant

  Christ sacrificed himself for all human's sins once for all, and has been made perfect forever

Psalm 110:4

Christ the High Priest of a New Covenant

8: 1-6

  Christ has obtained a more excellent ministry than other priests

  Christ is the mediator of a better covenant founded on better promises

 

The New Covenant

8: 7-13

  It is put in the minds of God's people

  There will be a close relationship between God and His people

  Men's wickedness and sins are forgiven

Jeremiah 31:3134

Section 4: The New Covenant through Christ supersedes the Old Covenant

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

Worship in the earthly tabernacle

9: 1-10

  The building of an earthly tabernacle was for the Old Covenant

  The ancient rites and ceremonies and the sacrifices performed by the priests were shadows of the real sacrifice of Christ

 

The blood of Christ

9: 11-28

  The redemptive work of Christ, and his blood cleansing from sin, are sublime realities

  The institutes of the Old Covenant prefigures the perfect sacrificial work of Christ in the New Covenant

 

Christ's sacrifice is once and for all

10: 1-18

  The oft-repeated Jewish sacrifices were not effectual to take away sin  While Christ, by his one great sacrifice, completed the redemptive work for mankind, and ¡§sat down at the right hand of God¡¨ awaiting the consummation of the divine plan

Psalm 40:6-8

Part II: Teachings and Exhortations to Believers

 

Section 1: Christ opens a new and living way for believers

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

A new and living way opened

10: 19-21

  Believers are given the privilege of entering into the divine presence through the sacrifice and priesthood of Christ

 

Exhortation

10: 22-25

  To draw near in worship with full assurance, having prepared the heart

  To steadfastness, mutual encouragement, and faithful attendance upon the means of grace

 

Warning to those who keep on sinning

10: 26-39

  Warning in respect of backsliding - (a) the penalty visited upon despisers, under the Mosaic law; (b) the worse fate of those who dishonor Christ's sacrifice and the gracious spirit of God

Deuteronomy 32:35,36

Psalm 135:14

Habbakkuk 2:3,4

Section 2: Faith is the only way

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

Faith defined

11: 1-3

  Faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see

 

A roll call of the heroes and heroines of faith

11: 4-40

  Notable examples of faith: Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham and Sara, Issac, Jacob and Joseph, Moses and his parents, Joshua, Rahab, and many others

 

Section 3: Christ the perfect model to follow

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

Christ the perfect model

12: 1-3

  Fix our eyes on Christ, the author and maker of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God

 

God corrects those He loves

12: 4-13

  Do not lose heart when God corrects you, because He disciplines those He loves, and punishes everyone he accepts as His son

  So make level paths for our feet, and take only ways that are firm

Proverb 3:11,12; 4:26

Final warning

12: 14-17

12: 18-24

12: 25-29

  Without holiness no one can see the Lord (take the example of Easu)

  Unlike Israelites in Moses time, who were trembling when approaching Mt Sinai, believers now have come to Mt Zion to the city of the living God

  Do not refuse the one who warns us in heaven, for we are going to receive a kingdom that cannot be shaken, so worship God with reverence and awe

Exodus 19: 12,13

Deuteronomy 19:12,13

Haggai 2:6

Deuteronomy 4:24

Section 4: Final exhortations

Topics

Chapter & verses

Main messages

Quotes from Old Testament

Christ never change

13: 1-14

  God will never forsake the believers

  The Lord is our helper, so do not be afraid

  Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever

Deuteronomy 31:6

Psalm 118:6,7

The sacrifice that acceptable to God

13: 15-17

  Believers are encouraged to continually offer to God, through Jesus Christ, a sacrifice of praise - the fruit of lips that confess God's name

 

Concluding words

13: 18-21

13: 22-25

  A request for prayers, and a blessing pronounced

  Final salutation and benediction

 

Sources:

The Student Bible, NIV, Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1990

The New Chain-Reference Bible, Thompson, 4th Improved Edition, B.B KirkbridgeBible Co Inc., 1964

The Chinese Study Bible, 4th Edition, The Rock House Publisher, 1991