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[8]¤Z¸g¦æ®ü¹Dªº¡A³£ªA¦b¥Lªº¸}¤U¡E

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¦t©z¦³¦h¤j¡H

¦t©z¦³¬ù¼Æ¤d»õ­Ó¬P¨t¡ã1012­Ó

¥­§¡¨C­Ó¬P¨t¬ù¥]§t¤@¤d»õ­Ó¬P¡ã1011¡A©Ò¥H¥Ø«e©Ò¡©Æ[´ú¡ª¨ì¾ã­Ó¦t©z¬ù¥]§t¦³1011*1012 = 1023­Ó«í¬P¡C 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 = 1 ¤d»õ¥ü

°²³]¨C­Ó«í¬P³£¦³¤@Áû¦æ¬P¦ñÀHµÛ¡A¥ç§Y¾ã­Ó¦t©z¬ù¦³1023­Ó¦æ¬P¡C

¶ZÂ÷¤Ó¶§³Ìªñªº¥t¤@­Ó«í¬PProxima Centauri¡]¥b¤H°¨®y¤§¬s¾F¬P¡^¬ù4.28 ly (~1.31 PC)¡A¥b¤H°¨®y£\A,B ¬ù4.39 ly¡C

¥Ø«e©ÒÆ[¨ì³Ì»·ªº¬P¨t¬ù100¡ã150»õ¥ú¦~¡ã1023 km¡A©Ò¥H¬O¥Ø«e©ÒÆ[´úªº¦t©zÅé¿n¬ù¬°(4/3)*£k*(1023)3 = 1070(¥ß¤è¤½¨½)

¡@

Light year

superclusters

galaxy groups

large galaxies

dwarf galaxies

Stars

The Visible Universe

(15 billion)

270 000

500 million

10 billion

100 billion

2000 billion billion

The Neighbouring Superclusters

(1 billion)

80

160 000

3 million

30 million

500 million billion

The Virgo Supercluster

(100 million)

¡@

160

2500

25000

500 000 billion

The Local Group of Galaxies

(5 million)

¡@ ¡@

3

36

700 billion

The Satellite Galaxies

(500 000)

¡@ ¡@

1

9

200 billion

The Milky Way Galaxy

(50 000)

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

200 billion

The Orion Arm(5000)

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

300 million

The Solar Neighbourhood (250)

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

250 000

The Nearest stars (12.5)

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

32

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¦Ê¸UMillion = 10 6 ; ¤Q»õBillion = 10 9

¤d¥ü¡]1¥ü=1¸U»õ¡^Million Billion = 10 6 * 10 9 = 10 15 // ¤Q¸U¥üBillion Billion = 10 9 * 10 9 = 10 18

The Universe in different levels

¡@

¤@­Ó¤H

¡@

¥»´ä¤H¤f 600¸U

1:6,000,000

¥þ²y¤H¤f 40»õ

1:6,667

(¦a²y)

ª½®|: 12,756 ¤½¨½;¥­§¡¶Z¤é¶ZÂ÷: 149,597,870 ¤d¤½¨½km

¤Ó¶§

¤Ó¶§ªº¥b®|¬° 1.392 x 106 ¤d¤½¨½km

¦û¤Ó¶§¨tªº 99.86%ªº½è¶q; ³Ñ¤Uªº2/3¯d¦b¤ì¬P¤§¤º¡C

¤Ó¶§¨t

¤Ó¶§¨t¦b»Èªe¨tªºÃä½t

»Èªe

The Milky Way ¥»»Èªe¨t©M¥¦ªº7000Áû¬P

»Èªe®qLocal Group; Cluster of Galaxies

(The Local Group contains about 20 or so galaxies. The Milky Way and M31 (the Andromeda Galaxy) are its major members, and many of the other smaller galaxies are in close proximity to one or the other of them.)

§Ú­Ìªº»Èªe¥[¤W¾Fªñªº¨â¤j»Èªe©M´X­Ó¤p»Èªe:

1)³Á­õ­Û¬P¶³(Magellanic Clouds, 20¸U¥ú¦~) ¤j³Á­õ­Û¬P¶³¶ZÂ÷»Èªe 160,000 ¸U¥ú¦~¡A¤ñ¤p³Á­õ­Û¬P¶³190,000 ¸U¥ú¦~­n¨Ó±oªñ¡C

The Small Magellanic Cloud;

¤p³Á­õ­Û(Small Magellanic Cloud)ùتºN81¬P¶³

2)¥P¤k®y¬P¨t(Andromeda Nebula, M31: 200¸U¥ú¦~;giant spiral ): ­»´ä®L¬î©u¥i¨£

3) ¥¦ªº¤p¦P¦ñ M33 (spiral; The Pinwheel Galaxy ¤T¨¤®yªº±Û´õ»Èªe) ­»´ä¬K¥V©u¥i¨£;

¨â­Ó¤p¦Ó¤£³W«hªº»Èªe NGC 6822 ©M IC 1613

¶W¯Å»Èªe®q

Local SuperCluster of Galaxies ¥]¬A

¥b®|¬° 3000¸Uparsecs.(1 parsecs = 3.2616 ¥ú¦~ ; ¦Ó1¥ú¦~=3.0857 x 10 ¤½¨½)

§Ú­Ìªº»Èªe®q¦b³o­Ó¶W¯Å»Èªe®qªºÃä½t(¤¤¤ß¬ù¦b«Ç¤k®y) ¶ZÂ÷6000¸U¥ú¦~; ª½®|12000¸U¥ú¦~¡C

1) ¥»°Ï»Èªe®qLocal Group

2) (the Virgo Cluster) «Ç¤k®y a ¬P¡£¨¤±J¤@¡¤ ³Ì«G¬P 1.0 µ¥ ¦×²´ ³oÁûÂÅ¥Õ¦â«í¬P¬O¥þ¤Ñ²Ä¤Q¤»«G«í¬P¡A¶ZÂ÷¦a²y260 ¥ú¦~¡C

Virgo¶ZÂ÷§Ú­Ìªº»Èªe¨t1700¸Uparsecs: ¨t¤º¦³2,500»Èªe;3/4¬°ºÐ«¬»Èªe¡C

3) (Coma Cluster) ¦Z¾v®y¬P¨t¹Î (Coma Cluster of Galaxies)

Coma¶ZÂ÷§Ú­Ìªº»Èªe¨t3000¸Uparsecs: ¨t¤º¦³1,000 ¥ú«Gªº»Èªe¡C

The Coma cluster is a rich cluster of galaxies; the systemic redshift of the cluster is about 7000 km/s.

Corona Borealis Supercluster

Maps of the universe (made by astronomers, not Rand McNally) show that galaxies cluster in intricate patterns, and superclusters of galaxies are among the largest identified structures. This figure shows an example of the computer simulated superclusters that are used in our study of a real supercluster of galaxies, the Corona Borealis. Each dot here represents a galaxy, and the entire complex structure consists of at least 7 cluster-type subclumps, each with a mass exceeding 2x10^14 solar masses. Each side of the cubic box is 30 Mpc, and the total mass inside the box is 10^16 solar masses.(Research summary)

¦t©zªºÃä½t

¬ù¶ZÂ÷§Ú­Ìªº»Èªe¨t120-150»õ¥ú¦~

(Dark Matter in the Universe

As much as 90 percent of the matter in the universe is invisible. Detecting this dark matter will help astronomers

better comprehend the universe's destiny)

 

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