C:\ET\SUNCOURS\ACTS\social3.doc

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I.·í®Éªº®a®x

A.ºØÃþ:

1.®Ö¤ß®a®x(Nuclear/Conjugal family): ¤÷¥À©M¤l¤k¡C

¨Ò: Cicero, Cic. off I. 54-55 ®a®x¥]¬A¤Ò©d ©M ¤÷¥À¡Ð¤l¤k¨âºØÃö«Y¡C

2.¤j®a®x(Extended/Community family)

¨Ò: ¸ô 14:12 ¥]¬A¨ä¥L¥S§Ì©n©f¡@©M¡@ªí¥S©fµ¥¡C[¹ï¤ñ ¤Õ¤l«ä·Q]
­C¿q»¡ºÙªù®{¬OªB¤Í, ¤£¬O¥D¹²¡C(¬OÄÝ©ó¦P¤@®a®x!)

¸ô 14:12­C¿q¤S¹ï½Ð¥Lªº¤H»¡¡G¡u§AÂ\³]¤È¶º©Î±ß¶º¡A¤£­n½Ð§AªºªB¤Í¡B§Ì¥S¡B¿ËÄÝ¡A©M´I¨¬ªº¾FªÙ¡A®£©È¥L­Ì¤]½Ð§A¡A§A´N±o¤F³øµª¡C

3.±J¥D®a®x(Patron/Clients or friends): ¹³¤¤°êªº©s¹Á§g¡C

±J¥D´£¨Ñª«½è, ¦Ó¡uªB¤Í¡v¦b¤j¿ï®É¤ä«ù¥L¡C¦¹Ãö«Y¥iÂX®i¼Æ¥N¡C

¨Ò: ®{10:24, 27(¡S); ¸ô16 ªº©Ô¼»¸ô¡C(¦³¾ÇªÌ¤£»{¬°©Ô¼»¸ô¬O»P¨º´I¤H¦³Ãö¡C)

[24]¤S¦¸¤é¡A¥L­Ì¶i¤J¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¡A­ô¥§¬y¤w¸g½Ð¤F¥Lªº¿ËÄݱK¤Íµ¥­Ô¥L­Ì¡C

Ref: Dio Halicarnassus (Roman History)
Æ¡ Mutual support
Æ¢ Closely related to friendship. To be a friend is part of the oikos (house).
Aristotle: live together share same opinion --> family.

µ²½× (Conclusion):
³q±`¥L­Ì¬O®Ö¤ß®a®x¡A¦ý¥L­Ì¬O¦³«Ü±jªºªÀ¥æÃö³s¡D¨Ò¡G¾ãÊ^­Ó©Ê(dyadic personality): ­C¿q³Q¥L¤HºÙ©I®É¬O³s±a¥Lªº®a¤H(¨Ó¦Û¦ó¦a)¡C¤@­ÓÂ÷¶}¥Lªº®a®xºâ¤£±o¬Æ»ò¡C

B.®a®xªº¹ï¦¨­ûªº¦n³B:

1.¤÷¥À¹ï¤l¤kªº³d¥ô©M¤l¤k¹ï¤÷¥Àªº³d¥ô¡C

2.®a®x¤¤¬Y¦¨­ûªº¤l¤k,¦]¤@¨Ç­ì¦]³Q±ó®É,¨ä¥L¦¨­û·|­t³d¥ô¡C

3.¹ï¿Ë¥Í¥S§Ì©n©fªº³d¥ô¡C·R¤÷¥Àªº,¥²·R¥S§Ì©n©f¡CÀ³¥Î:·R¯«ªº,¥²·R¨ä¥L«H®{¡C

4.¹ïªB¤Íªº³d¥ô¡CªB¤Í¤£¥i¦h,¦]­n­t«Ü¤Óªº³d¥ô¡C(¹ï¤ñ: ¤¤°êªº¡u¤K«ô¤§¥æ¡v)

C.¦]«H¥D¦Ó¤Þ°_ªº®a®x°ÝÃD:

1.¤GÃþ«H¥D±¡ªp

a.¥þ®a«H¥D(³q±`¬O®a¥D«H­C¿q,¥þ®a¸ò±q¡C·í¥N¤å¤Æ¬O®a¥D¨M©w¥þ®a«H¥õªº!!)

¨Ò¦p: ®{11:14 ¡y¥i¥H¥s§A©M§Aªº¥þ®a±o±Ï¡z

¦ý©v±Ð«H¥õ¬O¥Ñ¥À¿Ë¤U¶Çªº(´£¼¯¤Ó),¦Ó¥B¤÷¿Ë¬O®a¤¤ªº¯«,­n·q«ô¥L!

b.«H¥D®É¬O¥¼±o®a¥D¦P·N©Î°f¥Lªº·N¨£ªº¡C

2.¤Þ°_ªº®a®x°ÝÃD(¸t¸g¤¤¤Ï¬M):

a.ªL«e7:12-16 «Où´£¨ì¦b¤£«H¤V¤Òªº¤Ï¹ï®É,¦o¥i¥HÂ÷±B!!

b.©¼«e3:1-2,4,16 ©¼±o´£¨ì¦b¤£«H¤V¤Òªº¤Ï¹ï®É,¦o«ç¼Ë³B²z¡C

3.¤Þ°_ªº®a®x°ÝÃD(µS¤Ó¤H¤¤¤Ï¬M):

¡@[¸ô 23:2]´N§i¥L»¡¡G¡u§Ú­Ì¨£³o¤H»¤´b°ê¥Á¡A¸T¤î¯Çµ|µ¹¸Ó¼»¡A¨Ã»¡¦Û¤v¬O°ò·þ¡A¬O¤ý¡C¡v

a.°¨¦N¦w§Û¥»ªº¸ô23:2 ¥[¤W¡u¥L´ÛÄF°ü¤H©M¤p«Ä¡v¡C

b.¤G­Ó¥j©Ô¤B¤å§Û¥»ªº¸ô23:5 ¥[¤W¡u¥L¤Þ§Ú­Ìªº©d¤l©M«Ä¤lÂ÷¶}§Ú­Ì¡v¡C

¦]°¨¦N¦w§Û¥»¬O«á´Áªº§Û¥»,©Ò¥H¤Ï¬M«á´Áªº±¡ªp¡C

4.¤Þ°_ªº®a®x°ÝÃD(¥~¨¹¤H¤¤¤Ï¬M):

a.¦è¤ß(Celsus)»¡°ò·þ®{¡u¥u·|´ÛÄF°ü¤H©M¤p«Ä¡v¡C¹ï¥L­Ì«K¤£´±µo¨¥¡C

[°ÑµS´µ¤B(Justin Martyr) ªºÅ@±Ð(Apology) ²Ä¤G³¹¡C]

b.¥L¦è¯S(Tacitus) »¡°ò·þ®{·Ç³ÆÄ묹¤÷¥À,¤l¤k©M¥S§Ì¡C

c.¸ô´µ(Lucias Apuleins) ¦b¥Lªº®Ñ¡uª÷Æj¡v(The Golden Ass)¤¤

¥L§Î®e¤@­Ó°ò·þ®{°ü¤H«ç¼Ë´c«Ý¤V¤Ò¡C¦o¬O¤SÃi¤S´cªº!!

Á`µ²: ¥D­nªº°ÝÃD¬O¯}Ãa¤F®a®xªº©M¿Ó,¥H­P¤Þ°_ªÀ·|¤£©M¿Ó¡C

¨Ò¦p: a. Plutarch's Advice to Bride and Groom 19.

©d¤l­n©ñ±ó¦Û¤vªºªB¤Í,¦Ó¥H¤V¤ÒªºªB¤Í¬°¦oªºªB¤Í¡C¦Ó¤V¤ÒªºªB¤Í¤¤¥H¥Lªº¯«¯­(gods)³Ì­«­n!!

b.¥L¦è¯S(Tacitus) »¡: (Ann. 15:44 quoted in Hengel p.60)

°ò·þ±Ð¬O¡u¤ÏªÀ·|ªº©v±Ð¡v,¡u¤HÃþªº¼Ä¤H¡v(odium humani generis)¡C

C.¦èù(Cicero)(ù°¨¤H) »¡:

®a¬O¤@­Ó¯«¸tªº¦a¤è,®a®x·q«ô¬O«Ü­«­nªº! (®a¬O¸t©Ò!-->·q«ô°¸¹³¤§¦a¤è)

µù: ©d¤l­t³d¶Ç¹F©v±Ð«H¥õ,¦Ó¥B­n·q«ô¤÷¿Ë(§Y¤V¤Ò)¡C[°Ñ´£¼¯¤Óªº¥À¿Ë]

«ä·Q: ©d¤l«H¥D¦Ó¤V¤Ò¤£«H,¹ï¤V¤Ò¬O®¢°d,«ç¿ì¡S

¡@§A«H¥D«á, ¤÷¿Ë¤£®®,«ç¿ì¡S

¡@§A«H¥D«á, ­±¹ï¦U¤èªº¤Ï¹ï®É,«ç¿ì¡S

 

II. ®a®x±Ð·|(House-church)

A.¤À¥¬(¥u°Ñ·s¬ù,¤£­p±Ð¤÷®É´Áªº¸ê®Æ)

ù °¨: ù 16:5, 10-11, 14-15

­ô ªL ¦h: ªL«e 1:14-16; 16:15; ù16:23; ®{ 18:2,7-8

°í ­² ­ù: ù 16:1-2

©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{: ®{ 17:5-6

µÌ ¥ß ¤ñ: ®{ 16:15,33,40

¥H ¥± ©Ò: ®{ 20:20; ªL«e16:19; ´£«á 4:19

­ô ù ¦è: ªù 1-2

¦Ñ ©³ ¹Å: ¦è 4:15

¸Ó¼»§Q¨È: ®{ 10:1-11:18; 21:8-9

­C¸ô¼»§N: ®{ 1:12-14; 2:46; 5:42; 8:3; 12:12

Á`µ²: 1.¤j¶qªº®a®x±Ð·|¡C

2.¤À¥¬¦b¤£¦Pªº¦a¤è¡C

B.³o¨Ç®a®x±Ð·|¬O«ç¼Ë¶}©lªº©O¡S

1.²z½×: ¡u¤@®a¤§¥D¡v«H­C¿q,¥þ®aÂk¥D¡C

2.ÃÒ¾Ú:

®{11:14 ¡y¥i¥H¥s§A©M§Aªº¥þ®a±o±Ï¡z

®{16:15,40 (±Ð·|¸sÊ^ªº®Ö¤ß¬O®a®x)

¥L©M¥L¤@®a¬J»â¤F¬~¡A«K¨D§Ú­Ì»¡¡A§A­Ì­Y¥H¬°§Ú¬O¯u«H¥Dªº¡A¡]©Î§@§A­Ì­Y¥H¬°

§Ú¬O©¾¤ß¨Æ¥Dªº¡^½Ð¨ì§Ú®aùبӤG¤H¥X¤FºÊ¡A©¹§f©³¨È®aùØ¥h¡D¨£¤F§Ì¥S­Ì¡AÄU¼¢

¥L­Ì¤@µf¡A´N¨«¤F¡C µù: §f©³¨È(Lydia)¥i¯à¬O¹è°ü,Ä~Äò¤V¤Òªº¥Í·N¡C

®{ 16:31-34

¥L­Ì»¡¡A·í«H¥D­C¿q¡A§A©M§A¤@®a³£¥²±o±Ï¡C¥L­Ì´N§â¥Dªº¹D¡AÁ¿µ¹¥L©M¥L¥þ®aªº¤HÅ¥¡C·í©]¡A´N¦b¨º®É­Ô¡A¸T¨ò§â¥L­Ì±a¥h¡A¬~¥L­Ìªº¶Ë¡D¥L©MÄÝ¥G¥Lªº¤H¡A¥ß®É³£¨ü¤F¬~¡C©ó¬O¸T¨ò»â¥L­Ì¤W¦Û¤v®aùØ¥h¡Dµ¹¥L­ÌÂ\¤W¶º¡A¥L©M¥þ®a¡A¦]¬°«H¤F¯«¡A³£«Ü³ß¼Ö¡C

®{ 18:8

¡@ºÞ·|°óªº°ò§Q¥q¥¬©M¥þ®a³£«H¤F¥D¡DÁÙ¦³³\¦h­ôªL¦h¤HÅ¥¤F¡A´N¬Û«H¨ü¬~¡C

«ö®{16:31-34 ©M18:8 ¦³¥H¤U¼Ò¦¡:

****¦­´Á±Ð·|¼Wªø¤è¦¡: ®a®x--> ¿Ë¤H--> ªB¤Í--> ¾F©~¡C(¥t°Ñ®{14:12)

C. ¦P¤@¦a¤è®a®x±Ð·|ªºÃö«Y¬O«ç¼Ëªº©O¡S

1.²z½×: ¦b¬Y¤é©Ò¦³¤H©ó¤@®a®x»E·|,¥­®É¦U¦Û»E·|¡C(¦ý¥i¯à¥u­­©ó­ôªL¦h«°)

2.ÃÒ¾Ú: a.ù16:23¡y±µ«Ý¥þ±Ð·|ªº¸ÓµS(Gaius)¡z©M ªL«e 14:23¡C¡y©Ò¥H¡A¥þ±Ð·|»E¦b¤@³Bªº®É­Ô¡A­Y³£»¡¤è¨¥¡A°¸µM¦³¤£³q¤è¨¥ªº¡A©Î¬O¤£«Hªº¤H¶i¨Ó¡A°Z¤£»¡§A­ÌÅö¨g¤F¶Ü¡H¡z

b.µS´µ¤B(Justin Martyr) ¦º©ó¥D«á¦~¡C¦bù°¨¡C

¦b1 Apol.67 ,¥L»¡: ¡u¦b¬P´Á¤é,©Ò¦³¤H»E¶°¦b¤@³B¦a¤è¡C¡v

3.¤Ï½×: a.¥H¤W©Ò¤Þ¸g¤å¥u¬O­ôªL¦hªº±Ð·|±¡ªp;¥i¯à¸ÓµS¬O·¥¦³¿úªº¤H¤~¯à°÷¡C

¥i¯à¨ä¥L±Ð·|¤£¦P, ¦]µL³o¼Ë¤jªº«Î¡C

b.µS´µ¤Bªº¥i¯à¸Ñ§@¬O¦U¤H©ó¡u¤@¨Ç¤Hªº®a®x¡v»E·|¡C¦Ó«D¡u¤@¶¡«Î¡v¡C

c.¥t¥~, ¦bµS´µ¤B¶Ç¤¤¥L»¡:¡u§Ú¥u»{ÃѤ@­Óªº®a®x»E·|¦a¤è¡C¡v

¦Ó¥B¤Ó¦h¤H¤£¥i¯à¦b¦P¤@¦a¤è±R«ô¡C

µù:«H¥D«áªº¥~¨¹¤H·|»P¨Ï®{¤@°_¦Y¶º,¥H¥Ü³Q¨Ï®{±µ¯Ç¡C¨Ò¦p:®{ :48; ®{(«Où);

®{(º»¨ò©M§f©³¨È--¦o±j¯d¨Ï®{¦Y¶º!!)

«ä·Q: ©d¤l«H¥D¦Ó¤V¤Ò¤£«H,«ç¼Ë¶}©ñ®a®x©O¡S

§A«H¥D«á, ¤÷¥À¿Ë¥¼«H,¤S»P¥L­Ì¦P¦í,«ç¼Ë¶}©ñ®a®x©Î§@¨£ÃÒ©O¡S

§A«H¥D«á, ­±¹ï¦U¤èªº¤Ï¹ï®É,«ç¼Ë§@®a®x±R«ô©O¡S

µ²±B«á,«ç¼Ë¶}©ñ®a®x©O¡S

¤E¤C«á,«ç¼Ë¶}©ñ®a®x©O¡S«ç¼Ë¥Î®a®x§@»E·|¤§¥Î©O¡S

 

¦­´Á±Ð·|ªºªÀ·|¶¥¼h(Social Level) [Malherbe p.85]

«e¨¥: ªÀ·|¶¥¼h¨Ã«D¥u«Ø°ò©ó¸gÀÙ¤O¡C¦Ó¬O«Ø©ó¤TºØªF¦è:

1.ªÀ·|¦a¦ì(Status) 2.¸gÀÙ¦¬¤J 3.«Ø¨î(order): ¨Ò¦p°Ñij­û¡C

¶¥¼h: Senatorial & equestrian orders(°Ñij­û) °ª¼h 1/5 of 1%ªº¤H¤f

Aristocracy of small cities(¶m²Ô)

Intermediate wealth(°Ó¤H) ¤¤¼h

Free slaves(¦Û¥Ñ¤H) §C¼h

Peasantry & slavery in the mines [Malherbe p.30]

 

Gerd Theissen¬ã¨s­ôªL¦h±Ð·|(c.f. Malherbe.doc)

A.²z½×: ·í®Éªº±Ð·|¬O¤Ö¼ÆªÀ·|¤¤¼h¤H¥K,¥[¤W§C¼h¤H¥K²Õ¦¨¡C

 

B.½×¾Ú: 1.±Ð·|¬O¦b¤j«°¥«¤¤«Ø¥ßªº¡C(¦Ó¥B¥i¯à¬O¦³§Þ³N©Î±M·~¤H¥K)

2.¥Ñ¤@¯Z¦³¼vÅT¤Oªº¤H¤ä«ù¡C(ªL«á) ©M¥´©x¥q(·t¥Ü¦³¿ú)

3.¤j¶qªº®È¦æ(­n¿ú)©M±µ«Ý¤H(­n«Î)¡C[p.75]

4.«Oùªº­I´º¡C

5.«Oùªº®Ñ«H©M¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Ï¬M·s«H¥Dªº¤H¬O¦³¿ú©Î¦³¼vÅT¤Oªº¤H¡C¥L­Ì¬O¥þ

¨ü¬~ªº¡C¥i¥H¥Î¥L­Ìªº®a§@»E·|¤§¦aÂI¡C(¨Ò: ®{ :8; ªL«e :16; ) ù16:23 ¡y¨º±µ«Ý§Ú¡B¤]±µ«Ý¥þ±Ð·|ªº¸ÓµS°Ý§A­Ì¦w¡C¡z

6. ®{ 18:7«Où·h¥h´£¦hªº«Î¡C¦Ò¥j¾Çµo²{¨º°Ï¬O±M·~¤H¥K©M°Ó¤H°Ï¡C[Mal 75] ¡y©ó¬OÂ÷¶}¨º¸Ì¡A¨ì¤F¤@­Ó¤Hªº®a¤¤¡F³o¤H¦W¥s´£¦hµS¤h³£¡A¬O·q«ô¯«ªº¡A¥Lªº®a¾aªñ·|°ó¡C¡z

7.¤Q¤C¦ì«H®{¤¤¦³¤K¦ì¬O¦³©Ô¤B¦Wªº¡C

8.­ôªL¦h¬O¦³°ª¬y°Ê©Ê©M³h´IÄa®íªºªÀ·|¡C¹ï¤ñ­ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº¤H¬O±j®zÄa®íªº

9.ªL«e 11:17-34 ¤Ï¬M¥X«Ü­«ªº­Ó¤H¥D¸q©M°¾¤ß¡C¦]¦¹ªA«Ý½a¤H®É»P¹Î«´ºë¯«¤£¦X¡C

11. Examples: Crispus, baptized by Paul, was a ruler of the synagogue (Ac 18:8

1 Cor 1:14) Erastus was city treasurer (Ro 16:23)

C.­ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº¤H¦W¬ã¨s(¥D­n°Ñ¦ÒGerd Theissen ªº¬ã¨s)

ªL«e 1:26-29 ·t¥Ü¦³¤Ö³¡¥÷¤H¦³°ª²`±Ð¨|,Åv¤O©M°ª¶Q¥X¨­¡C

¨Ò¦p: ®{ 18:8 °ò§Q¥q¥¬(Crispus) ù16:23 ¥H©Ô³£(Erastus); ¸ÓµS(Gaius)

¥Î¥|­Ó±ø¥ó¨M©w:

1.¦b«°¤¤¦³¤½Â¾©Î©v±Ð¾°È¡C

2.¦³«Î¡C

3.¦³ªA«Ý±Ð·|©Î«Où¡C

4.®È¦æ(¬°±Ð·|)¡C

¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç±MÃD¬ã¨s

¥\½Ò

  1. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº±MÃD¬ã¸g (Topical Study on Acts)
  2. ¹ï¨Ï®{¦æ¶ÇÄÀ¸gªºÀ³¥Î¤À¨É¡@¡]ºÓ¤h¥Í¥²¶·¡^

¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº±MÃD¬ã¸g (Topical Study on Acts)

¥\½Ò¨Ò¤l¡G

  1. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤¤ªº¤k©Ê: ¿ï¨â­Ó§@¤ñ¸û
  2. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº«Où§G¹D¤èªk: ·|°ó, ë§iªº¦a¤è, ¼s³õforum
  3. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤¤ªºÃ«§i
  4. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº¸tÆF¤Þ¾É¤èªk
  5. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤¤´M§ä¯«¦®·Nªº¤èªk
  6. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤¤«Où¤Î©¼±oªº¹ï¤ñ(¦U¿ï¤@¬q)
  7. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤¤«Où/©¼±o»P¨ä¥L¤Hªº¹ï¤ñ
  8. ¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤¤Á¿³¹¹ï¤ñ

 

 

¹ï¨Ï®{¦æ¶ÇÄÀ¸gªºÀ³¥Î¤À¨É¡@¡]ºÓ¤h¥Í¥²¶·¡^

¤À¬°¨â¤j³¡¥÷: (¤Ö©ó500¦r)

  1. Á¿®v©ÒÁ¿ªº¸g¤å: ¸g¤å, ¤º®e§ã­n(­n¤@¤G¥y;¤Ö©ó30¦r)
  2. À³¥Î¤Ï¬Ù: ­Ó¤HÀ³¥Î / ±Ð·|À³¥Î

¡u®a®xºÞ²z¡v(Household Management)

©¼«e 2:11-12 ´¶³q­ì«h
2:13-3:7 ¡u®a®xºÞ²z¡v(Household Management)
2:13-17 §@¤½¥Á(citizen) «°¤¤ (city) µù:«°¥«¬Fªv »P ®a®x¦³Ãö¡C

¡@

©¼«e

¦è

¥±

´£«e

´¶³q­ì«h

2:11-12

--------

--------

--------

¡u®a®xºÞ²z¡v

2:13-3:7

3:18-4:1

5:22-6:9

2:1-15

§@¤½¥Á(citizen)

2:13-17

--------

--------

2:1-7

§@¥D¤H(master)

--------

4:1(¥D¤H)

6:9(¥D¤H)

------

§@¹²¤H(servant)

2:18-25

3:22-25

6:5 - 8

------

§@©d¤l(wife)

3:1-6

3:18

5:22-24

2:9-15(¤k¤H)

§@¤V¤Ò(husband)

3:7

3:19

5:25-33

2:8

§@¤÷¤l

-------

3:20-21

6:1-4

------

­ì«hÀ³¥Î

3:8-22

--------

--------

--------

¤¤°ê¤H : <<¤­­Û>> =§g¦Ú¡B¤÷¤l¡B¥S§Ì¡B¤Ò©d¡BªB¤Í (µL¥D¹²)

®a®x­n¹D =¡y­×¨­¡B»ô®a¡Bªv°ê¡B¥­¤Ñ¤U¡z [¹ï¤ñ: ¦¶¤l ªv®a®æ¨¥]
Balch, David L. "Household Codes," GRECO-ROMAN LITERATURE AND THE NEW TESTAMENT, David E.Aune ed. SBL 21 pp.25-50.

I. The Origin of the Form, its Social Function, and Characteristics of Individual Exhortations

A. Evaluation of the Research on Form and Function

Summary on pp.35-36.

Consensus: derived from the Hellenistic discussions of "household management"

Differences in the following:

1.Thraede: Codes represent ONLY 1 philosophical option ¡S

Balch : Church's apologetic response to Greco-Roman society¡S

2.Thraede,Muller: An advance (Fortschritt) over alternatives in Jewish

and Neopythagorean circles¡S

Shussler Fiorenza: To patriarchalize church office and to marginalize influential women ¡S 3.Thraede,Muller,Shussler Fiorenza: No critique of Roman society in these codes ¡S

Balch: 1 Pet and Col correct key Hellenistic values about justice & piety.

4.Elliot: The code in 1 Peter encourage x'ns to terminate familial, soical

religious ties with pagans¡S

Luhrmann,Balch,Shussler Fiorenza: The code encourage adaptation of Greco-

Roman values over against social patterns in the early Jesus

movement and in Pauline Christianity.

B. Characteristic Features of the Individual Exhortations

II. Arius Didymus, Concerning "Household Management" and "Politics"

A. Introduction

B. Translation of Arius Didymus

III. Notes on Arius Didymus' Text

Didymus presents

1.the relationships by pairs.

2.the patriarch is the ruler over women, children and slaves.

3.topos retains its Aritotelian,

four-part structure: fatherhood, marriage, mastership, and moneymaking.

N.B. NT drop the moneymaking aspect.

4.The nature of the authority exercised within these relationships is still a concern.

eg. Callicratidas

Col 3:19, 21; 4:1; Eph 5:25-29, 33; 6:4, 9; 1 Pet 2:20; 3:6;

Ignatius, Poly 4:3, etc.

In Eph 6:9 "masters...forbear threatening"

Philodemus Concerning Household Management (32,3-7 Jensen):

slaves' punishment is to be moderate, not unreasonable.

5.Didymus' text still relates the house to the city.

The NT codes drop this vocabulary. But exhort x'ns to obey rulers.

eg. 1 Pet 2:13-17; 1 Tim 2:1-2; Tit 3:1; see 1 Clem 21:1; 61:1)

6.He summaries Aristotle's ideas.

7.the Greek style is execrable.

Didymus uses a lot imperatival infinitives dependent on words like

anagkaion, legetai. Vs NT is rare.

Tit 2:2-10 accusatives with infinitives, in vs. 6 parakalei.

Didymus uses impersonal verbs often: anagkaion, lekteon, chresimon.

IV. Household Codes in the NT and in Early X'n Literature (Sampley & VernerJ

X'n household codes go through a clear development: these classes.

Col & Eph : 6 groups in 3 pairs. use reciprocal pronoun (allelon)

1 Peter : not all these classes --> all of you (1 Pet 3:8)

Pastoral epi: No pairs of classes: Only one, not pairs.

1 Tim 6:1-2 & Tit 2:9-10 Slaves, not masters.

No use of reciprocal pronoun.

Most authors clarify how the wife is to relate to the

husband; (1 Tim 2:12-14; Tit 2:4-5) but divided by age in

(So do Ignatius, Polycarp and Polycarp, Philippians )

Polycarp makes widows as object of care. concerned bishop's behavior toward slaves.

The address to all these social classes is unusual.

The address to wives and children is older than Hellenistic Judaism.

But, direct address to slaves in Col, Eph & 1 Pet remains quite unusual.

Pastoral epistles closer to Perispateric-Neopythagorean tradition than Col.

Social classes (not paired) as in Aristotle. VS Social classes paired

In other words, the movement from Col & 1 Pet to the Pastorals is a movement

toward what is more common in contemporary Hellenistic household ethics,

losing what is most unusual.

This development loses the reciprocity reflected

a) in the pairing of social clsses and

b) their being exhorted to relate to each other, and loses the direct

address to slaves,

The reason clauses expanded: X'logical support OT

1 Peter 2 on slaves 1 Pet 2:21-25 --------

Ephesius 5 on wives ------------ Eph 5:31

Ignatius Poly 4 with a list of virtues. ------------ --------

Col ----------- Col 3:24 --------

Expansion of certain sections is also as old as Aristotle. `