Verbs: TMV (Tense Mood gives bad Voice.) or Timely Music Video
E.g. Present Indicative Active
Note: The following is in intermediate grammar.
Tense
Reference:
Please note that the general approach suggests that the division is continuous (Present, Imperfect), punctiliar (aorist) and Stative/Perfective (perfective, pluperfect).
Time (Aspect)\ Nature (Aktionsart) |
Past |
Present |
Future |
Continuous | |||
Continuous-Point | |||
Point |
The following classification is made by me. Normally, the aspect does not include the "Continuous-point" which I added to show the special aspect.
Putting into a certain classification may be somewhat artibratary.
Tense Locations: Non-Perfective Tenses
( ) is the number of usages.
Time (Aspect)\ Nature (Aktionsart) |
Past |
Present |
Future |
Continuous | 2 (3) |
3 (4) |
3 |
Continuous-Point | 2 (4) |
2 (5) |
0 |
Point | 1 |
2 |
3 (6) |
Tense Comparison
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Continuous : Present |
Durative .à |
Progressive/Descriptive (present continuous) ------ Gnomic |
|
Continuous : Imperfect |
Lifestyle (Customary, General) Imperfect [used to, as a lifestyle] Descriptive (past continuous) |
|
Futuristic |
Continuous : Aorist |
------ Gnomic |
||
Continuous : Future |
Gnomic | Progressive |
|
|
|||
Continuous-point : Present |
...Iterative .à Existing Results |
||
Continuous-point : Imperfect |
.à Ingressive (Inchoative, Inceptive) = began doing |
...Iterative [kept on] .à Conative (Voluntative, Tendential) wanted to, could almost --à Tendential (trying to) |
|
Continuous-point : Aorist |
.à Ingressive (Inceptive, Inchoative) [began to] (.) Constative (Complexive, Punctiliar, Comprehensive, Global) à .Consummative (Culminative, Ecbatic, Effective) |
Epistolary (?) [present perfect] | |
Continuous-point : Future |
|||
|
|||
Point : Present |
Historical/Dramatic (narrative) |
(.) Performative (utter) Instantaneous (Aorist, Punctiliar) Present |
Tendential (stating point?) trying to |
Point : Imperfect |
|||
Point : Aorist |
Immediate Past (Dramatic) [just now, has just happened] |
Proleptic (Futuristic)
|
|
Point : Future |
Predictive Imperatival Deliberative (?) |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Continuous : Present |
Durative .à |
Progressive/Descriptive (present continuous) ------ Gnomic |
|
Continuous-point |
...Iterative .à Existing Results |
||
Point |
Historical/Dramatic (narrative) |
(.) Performative (utter) Instantaneous (Aorist, Punctiliar) Present |
Tendential (stating point?) trying to |
Present Retained in Indirect Discourse
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Continuous |
Lifestyle (Customary, General) Imperfect [used to, as a lifestyle] Descriptive (past continuous) |
|
Futuristic |
Continuous-point |
.à Ingressive (Inchoative, Inceptive) = began doing |
...Iterative [kept on] .à Conative (Voluntative, Tendential) wanted to, could almost --à Tendential (trying to) |
|
Point |
Imperfect Retained in Indirect Discourse
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Continuous |
Gnomic | Progressive |
|
Continuous-point |
|||
Point |
Predictive Imperatival Deliberative (?) |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Continuous |
------ Gnomic |
||
Continuous-point |
.à Ingressive (Inceptive, Inchoative) [began to] (.) Constative (Complexive, Punctiliar, Comprehensive, Global) à .Consummative (Culminative, Ecbatic, Effective) |
Epistolary (?) [present perfect] | |
Point |
Immediate Past (Dramatic) [just now, has just happened] |
Proleptic (Futuristic)
|
Perfective Tenses Comparison
Perfect (Stative)
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
|
|||
Continuous : Perfect |
------ Gnomic |
||
Continuous : Pluperfect |
|||
|
|||
Continuous-point : Perfect |
à .] Consummative |
...Iterative .à 。Intensive |
|
Continuous-point : Pluperfect |
à .] Consummative |
...Iterative .à 。Intensive |
|
|
|||
Point : Perfect |
.Dramatic |
.Present State |
|
Point : Pluperfect |
.Past State |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Continuous |
------ Gnomic |
||
Continuous-point |
à .] Consummative |
...Iterative .à 。Intensive |
|
Point |
.Dramatic |
.Present State |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Continuous |
|||
Continuous-point |
à .] Consummative |
...Iterative .à 。Intensive |
|
Point |
.Past State |