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Examples of using it in exegesis: Pronouns and its implications in exegesis
Comparison with other language on Pronoun
Table of Content
1. Personal Pronouns : First / Second Person ; Third Person (Three ways)
2. Possessive Pronouns (cf. Possessive adjective)
As an exercise to the student, please fill the blank yourself.
Cases |
1st person |
2nd person |
3rd person |
N |
e)gw |
su |
|
A |
e)me, me |
se | |
e)mou, mou | sou | a)utou -hv -ou his, her, its | |
D |
e)moi, moi | soi | |
|
|||
Plural |
1st person |
2nd person |
3rd person |
N |
h(meiv |
u(meiv |
|
A |
h(mav |
u(mav |
|
G |
h(mwn |
u(mwn |
a)utwn their |
D |
h(min |
u(min |
Sometimes, the singular and plural forms of the pronoun can make a difference. Though it is more important for English than Greek, but it does give us some hints too.
(Reference: Richard A. Young p.72 ; Blass-D, pp.145-6.)
Usages:
A) Contrast or other Emphasis.
B) When there are no emphasis, then it may be a Hebraism or a scribal addition.
Examples:
Emphasis: It can be importance, gravity, surprise, anger, contrast, comparison, or identity. The meaning of this emphasis is deduced from the context. It is not defined by grammar.
Importance:
Matthew 16:16 And Simon Peter answered: You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.
ij a)pokriqei\j de\ Si/mwn Pe/troj ei]pe: su\ ei] o( Xristo\j o( ui(o\j tou= Qeou= tou= zw=ntoj.
Surprise:
John 3:10 Jesus answered and said to him: "You are a teacher of Israel, and you do not know these things?"
i a)pekri/qh 'Ihsou=j kai\ ei]pen au)tw|=: su\ ei] o( dida/skaloj tou= 'Israh\l kai\ tau=ta ou) ginw/skeij;
Anger:
Acts 4:7 Why have you done this?
e)poih/sate tou~to u(mei~v
Contrast:
Luke 24:21 but we were hoping (contrast what has happened with their expectations)
h(mei~v de\ h)lpi/zomen
Comparison:
For a series of contrrasts see the e)gw\ de\ le/gw u(mi~n (but I say you) phrases in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:22, 28, 32, 34, 39, 44.) They contrasts what the crowd has heard with his teaching.
KJV
[21]Ye have heard that it was said of them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:
ka 'Hkou/sate o(/ti e)rre/qh toi=j a)rxai/oij, ou) foneu/seij: o(\j d' a)\n foneu/sh|, e)/noxoj e)/stai th|= kri/sei.
[22]But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger
kb 'Egw\ de\ le/gw u(mi=n o(/ti pa=j o( o)rgizo/menoj tw|= a)delfw|= au)tou= ei)kh= e)/noxoj e)/stai th|= kri/sei: o(\j d' a)\n ei)/ph| tw|= a)delfw|= au)tou= r(aka/, e)/noxoj e)/stai tw|= sunedri/w|: o(\j d' a)\n ei)/ph| mwre/, e)/noxoj e)/stai ei)j th\n ge/ennan tou= puro/j.
John 4:26 Jesus contrasts the one who the woman is talking about (Christ) with himself to emphasize His identity. (I am he, the one talking with you). ¡¦Egw/ ei)mi, o( lalw~n soi
KJV
[25]The woman saith unto him, I know that Messias cometh, which is called Christ: when he is come, he will tell us all things.
ke le/gei au)tw|= h( gunh/: oi]da o(/ti Messi/aj e)/rxetai o( lego/menoj Xristo/j: o(/tan e)/lqh| e)kei=noj, a)naggelei= h(mi=n pa/nta.
[26]Jesus saith unto her, I that speak unto thee am he.
kj le/gei au)th|= o( 'Ihsou=j: e)gw/ ei)mi o( lalw=n soi.
[Besides, e)gw/ ei)mi is a very special term too. More analysis on that can be seen in Bauer, p. 217.]
Two forms are used to express the possessive.
1) Mostly used: Genitive case of Personal Pronoun (see the above table.)
Matthew 11:29 to\n zugo/n mou (my yoke)
2) Rarely used: Possessive Pronouns used as a) an adjective (many grammar books call them possessive adjective) or b) noun.
It declines with the noun it modifies.In Blass-D, it is stated in p.149, "The possessive adjectives, which classical Greek employed fro the emphatic possessive genitive of the person pronoun, have to a great extent disappeared in the Hellenistic period and so also in the New Testament and were replaced by the personal pronoun, i)/diov (mou), u(pa/rcwn moi and the like; this applies also to the papyri.
Cases |
1st person |
2nd person |
3rd person (gen. of person pronoun : Lesson 15) |
Singular |
e)mov -h -on my, mine |
sov -h -on your (singular) | a)utou -hv -ou his, her, its |
Plural |
h(me/terov our (9 times only) | u(me/terov your (plural) (9 times only) | a)utwn their |
When used, they are usually used attributively (with article), but sometimes they are used predicatively.
John 7:16 h( e)mh didaxh ou)k e)stin e)mh . The my teaching not is mine.(The teaching is not mine.)
Philemon 10 parakalw de peri tou e)mou teknou (I) beseech you for (concerning) my child. [genitive ? why? Check peri.]
Example: Matthew 20:15 among (in) the (my things) e)n toi~v e)moi~v
Cases |
1st person |
2nd person |
3rd person |
A |
e)mauton -hn myself |
seauton -hn yourself |
e(auton -hn himself |
G |
e)mautou~ -h~v | seautou~ -h~v | e(autou~ -h~v Dict. [Bauer, p.211] |
D |
e)mautw| -h| | seautw| -h| | e(autw| -h| |
Plural |
1st person |
2nd person |
3rd person |
A |
e(autouv
|
||
G |
e(autw~n
|
||
D |
e(autoiv
|
Note : The breathing has changed! e)mauton, seauton, e(auton. plural : e(autouv.
The subject and object of a sentence refer to the same person or thing, then reflexive is used. (Thus, middle voice verbs are rarely reflexive.)
Matthew 16:24 a)parnhsa/sqw e(auto/n (let him deny himself.) [Verb + reflexive]
Matthew 9:3 ei)pan e)n e(autoi~v ( they said to themselves. Blass-D p.148 wrongly use ei)pon . ) [Verb + preposition + reflexive]
Matthew 12:25 merisqei~sa kaq' e(auth~v (divided against herself [in English, itself].) [Verb + preposition + reflexive] "herself" refers to the kingdom (basileia).
Matthew 15:30 e/)xontev meq' e(autwn (having with themselves.) [Verbal + preposition + reflexive]
Acts 26:9 e)gw me\n ou~n e)/doca e)mautw~| (I indeed then thought to myself.) [(Pronoun) + Verb + reflexive]
When a pronoun is used emphatically, reflexive may be used also.
John 7:17 e)gw a)p' e)mautou lalw~ I speak from myself. [Pronoun + preposition + reflexive]
John 8:13 su peri seautou martureiv You bear witness concerning yourself. [Pronoun + preposition + reflexive]
In the plural, one word for all!
Matthew 23:31 martureite e(autoiv (You) bear witness to yourselves. [Quiz : Do you know "You" is plural or singular?]
Besides, please note the hard breathing above the plural form.
e)mautou~ This is the "dictionary form." E.g. check Bauer, p.253 on this word: e)mautou~
Special usages: used as [Young p.79.]
1) au)tov (see Lesson 15, p.60. 3 usages)
2) ou{toj and e)keinov sometimes have this weakened sense (Voc.14) & the examples below.
3) The article followed by de.
The following English translation is literal, as far as possible.
John 1:12 As many as (but) they received him, he gave to them right children of God to become
ib o(/soi de\ e)/labon au)to/n, e)/dwken au)toi=j e)cousi/an te/kna Qeou= gene/sqai,
John 1:26 He answered them (the) John saying : "I am baptizing in water ;"
kj a)pekri/qh au)toi=j o( 'Iwa/nnhj le/gwn: e)gw\ bapti/zw e)n u(/dati:
Luke 8 :42 She was dying
au)th\ a)pe/qnh|sken
John 1:2 (He) he was in the beginning with God.
b Ou{toj h}n e)n a)rxh|= pro\j to\n Qeo/n.
John 1:4 (He) he came to witness
z ou{toj h}lqen ei)j marturi/an,
John 1:41 He finds (He) first the brother his own.
mb eu(ri/skei ou{toj prw=ton to\n a)delfo\n to\n i)/dion
John 20:13 And they say to her (her; original: those): "Woman, why do you cry?" She says to them.
ig kai\ le/gousin au)th|= e)kei=noi: gu/nai, ti/ klai/eij; le/gei au)toi=j:
Mark 16:5, 6 They were amazed. And he says to them.
o( de legei au)taiv.